The
Ottoman Empire at the End of the 19th Century AD
Süleyman The
Manificent 1520-1566 AD
Ottoman Empire 1683
AD
The
Ottoman Empire was in the hey-day of its power during the reign of
Süleyman the Magnificent, revered
by his people as Suleyman Kanuni or Muhteşem,
the Lawgiver. The in fluence of the Sultan extended beyond his realms
into Western Europe. He improved the organization of the state
employing administrators and statesmen of unusual ability and promoting
arts and architecture. Süleyman built strong fortresses to defend
the
places he took from the Christians and adorned the cities of the
Islamic world with mosques, bridges, aqueducts, and other public
works.He completed the task of transforming the previously Byzantine
city of Constantinople into Istanbul, a worthy centre for a great
Turkish and Islamic empire.
The
Empire reached its largest expansion in the 17th century.
Nevertheless, the conquests of the Ottomans were halted by the European
rulers already in the second half of the 16th century. The siege of the
Knights of St. John in Malta failed in 1565 AD. The Ottoman fleet was
completely destroyed in the battle of Lepanto (Ναύπακτος) by a
coalition of western princes in 1571 AD. The final blow was the failure
of Kara Mustapha to take Vienna, 1683 AD.
The
Greek uprising of 1821 AD ended with the defeat of the Ottoman
fleet at navarino by a joined force of Russia, the United Kingdom, and
France and the establishment of a Greek state on the Peloponese and
southerm mainland Greece in 1832 AD.
1830
AD Algeria is occupied by France
1876
AD national bankruptcy of the Ottomans
The
"Berliner Kongress" of 1878 AD constitutes the autonomous province of
Eastern Rumelia
On
the pretext of bringing order the United Kingdom occupies Egypt in
1882 AD. Egypt and the Sudan remained as Ottoman provinces de jure
until 1914 AD. When the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Forces during
the 1st World War Great Britain officially annexed these two provinces
and Cyprus.
Eastern
Rumelia is united with Bulgaria on September 6th, 1885 AD.
1894-
1896 Hamidian massacres in Armenia
1912
AD Lybia occupied by Italy
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